Context

Historical pine tree forest, the postcard of Maremma, planted by the last grand Duke of Tuscany during the second half of the 19th century as, after the bonification of the swamps, the only trees that could grow in the sand and semi-salty brackish water, to prevent erosion and provide shade for the grazing of maremma cows and horses were the pine trees.

What the owner needed help with

After significant droughts weakened the tree population, Maritime pine bat scale (Matsucoccus feytaudi) pest has killed many historical pine trees of the Maritime Pine variety (Pinus Pinaster).

What we did

Our project consisted in selectively felling the dead or sick trees and leave biodiversity in place, especially the protected juniper, to help protect the soil and create a canopy helpful for small animals living in the area.

We also had to replant many Stone Pines (Pinus Pinea, resistant to the bat scale) as for the past generation their pine nuts were eaten by beetles, preventing natural regeneration.

Many other broad-leaved species were added in order to increase biodiversity and help restore the forest canopy : Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, Fraxinus angustifolia, Acer campestre, Acer monspessulanum, Arbutus unedo.

All trees were planted with tree guards to protect them against wild animal pressure from that natural park.

When did the project take place

From September 2021 (when we started removing the dead trees) to December 2022 (when the last trees were planted).

Size of the project 

65 ha restored in naturally assisted regeneration with tree planting.